
A VLCC carries ~2 million barrels of crude oil at 200,000-320,000 dwt. This guide covers design, routes, chartering mechanics, fleet size, and top owners.

SOLAS is the IMO’s core ship safety treaty. This guide breaks down what each of its fourteen chapters actually covers and how it gets enforced at sea.

MARPOL is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships. It’s the IMO treaty governing oil, chemical, sewage, garbage, and air pollution at sea. Adopted in 1973 and in force since 1983 as MARPOL 73/78, it’s split into six Annexes, each covering a different pollution source. This guide breaks down what each Annex…